“While”的用法小结及其他
时间：2022-04-01 11:07:25 浏览次数：次
while一词在中学阶段很常见，在高考英语试卷中作为考点也出现频繁。有些学生只是记住了while最常见的意思是“当……的时候”，因此，在理解句子的时候常会出现逻辑上的错误。
现试将其意思及用法总结如下：
while作名词，作“（一段）时间”解。例如：
once in a while 偶尔
Several years ago， Feng Jicai put down his pen for a while. 几年前，冯骥才有段时间停止了写作。
I’ll be back in a little while. 我一会儿就回来。
while作连词，表示从属关系或并列关系。
1. while作从属连词，最常见的意思是“在……期间；当……的时候”，引导一个时间状语从句，表示一段较长的时间或一个过程，所引从句的动作是延续性的，与主句的动作同时发生。例如：
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
While he was studying under Verrocchio， Leonardo observed and used a variety of machines. 师从Verrocchio时，Leonardo研究使用了多种多样的机械。
Don’t leave the water running while you brush your teeth. 刷牙时别让水流了。
这时候，当主从句动作同时发生时，而且从句动作是延续性的时，与when，as意思相近，可以互换。例如：
When / While / As she was reading the newspaper， Granny fell asleep.奶奶在看报时睡着了。
The straight part of the bee dance changed when （=as） the sun’s position changed. 蜜蜂舞的直线部分随着太阳位置的改变而改变。
when，while和as作“当……的时候”解，引导时间状语从句的时候，如果主从句的主语相同，可以省去从句的主语和谓语的一部分或全部；as不可以和分词连用。 例如：
While singing an English song， you are learning English grammar and vocabulary.唱英文歌时，你也在学习英文语法和词汇。
Do not share anything that a person has used while injecting drugs. 注射药物时，不得共用任何东西。
While reading， a good reader thinks about the content and asks questions or makes comments in his or her head.阅读的时候，优秀的读者会思考文章的内容，并在脑海里提问或发表评论。
Don’t rock that baby on the rock while playing that rock music.（绕口令）
There are a few simple measures to follow while/ when training. 有几点安全措施，训练时必须遵守。
While there Fu Mingxia decided to make a comeback and went on to compete at the Sydney Olympics， where she won her fourth Olympic gold， again making Olympic history.读书期间，伏明霞决定复出参加悉尼奥运会，结果她又获得了自己的第四枚奥运金牌，再次改写了奥运历史。
Practice is the royal road to success when learning a foreign language.练习是学习外语的捷径。
The shop assistant when spoken to did not make an answer.那个营业员在别人同她说话的时，没有理睬。
You lie upon roses when young， you’ll lie upon thorns when old. （prov）
When in doubt， leave out. （prov）
As a child （= When he was a child）， Lincoln used to work hard and help his father on the small farm where they lived.童年时，林肯就在他们所住的小农场辛勤劳动，帮他父亲干活。
因为when和as的意思及用法也很多，而且重要，这里小辑如下：
When
when （at or during the time）所引从句的动作可以是延续的，也可以是不延续的；从句的动作可早于或晚于主句，或与主句的动作同时发生。例如：
I felt discouraged when he threw cold water on my idea. 他给我的想法泼冷水时，我感到沮丧。
It’s important to keep your balance when you learn to ride a bike. 学骑自行车时，保持平衡很重要。
Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain. 我们刚到乡下，就下雨了。
When I phoned her， she was taking a shower in the bathroom. 我给她打电话时，她正在盥洗室里洗澡。
when除了引导时间状语从句，还有如下其他用法：
① when还可以表示条件，相当于if，意思接近“在…情况下”。例如：Shylock， how can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none？
夏洛克，你不宽恕别人，你自己怎能希望得到别人的宽恕呢？
When the cat is away， the mice will play.
山中无老虎，猴子称大王。
（历年真题）
Don’t be afraid of asking for help __D__ it is needed.（NMET2003）
A. unless B. since C. although D. when
How can you expect to learn anything __D__ you never listen？（2006山东）
A. in case B. even if C. unless D. when
It’s much easier to make friends __B__ you have similar interests.（2013安徽）
A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that
② when还可以译作“虽然”，相当于although。例如：
He walks when he might take a taxi.虽然他可以坐车，他还是步行。
③when还可作“既然；鉴于（since； considering that）”解。如：
How can I help them to understand when they won’t listen to me？ 既然他们不愿意听我说，我怎能帮助他们了解呢？
（历年真题）
Why do you want a new job __D__ you’ve got such a good one already？（NMET1998）
A. that B. where C. which D. when
④ when还可以作并列连词，作“ 那时；这时” 解，相当于and at this/that time，这时常与was/were about to连用。如：
I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
（历年真题）
Tom was about to close the windows __A__ his attention was caught by a bird.（NMET2010II）
A. when B. if C. and D. till
⑤ when还可以作关系副词，引导一个定语从句。例如：
As we say， the day must come when the young are “grown and flown”. 正如我们所说，年轻人“长大了，飞走了”的那一天肯定会来的。
（历年真题）
Occasions are quite rare __D__ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.（2008山东）
A. who B. which C. why D. when
Because of the financial crisis， days are gone __B__ local 5-star hotels charged 6，000 yuan for one night.（2009江苏）
A. if B. when C. which D. since
The days are gone __A__ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.（2011天津）
A. when B. that C. where D. Which
Between the two parts of the concert is an interval， A the audience can buy ice cream.（2011江苏）
A. when B. where C. that D. which
As
as强调主从句动作的同时发生，作“随着；一面（边）”解，有“随着”的意思。例如：
We get wiser as we get older.
随着年龄的增长，我们变得更聪明了。
We should do better in our studies. This thought drew as the days passed.我们应该把学习搞得更好。这种想法随着时光的流逝而变得更强烈了。
As winter gave way to spring， the days began to lengthen.冬天过去，春天来到，白天越来越长了。
as除了引导时间状语从句，还有如下其他用法：
①as还可以引导原因状语从句，作“由于”解。例如：
Little of the earth’s solid surface has been seen by humans， as much of it lies below the sea. 人们只看到地球固体表面很少一部分，因为大部分的地球表面处于海下。
The student got low marks for her composition， as much of it was off the point.这个学生的作文分数很低，因为文章多半离题了。
As we are flooded with advertisements in our modern world， many schools believe it is their duty to educate students about advertising. 当今社会上广告泛滥成灾，许多学校认为它们有责任对学生进行有关广告的教育。
（历年真题）
Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada， __A__ this was a memory she especially treasured.（2006广东）
A. as B. if C. when D. where
-- Coach， can I continue with the training？
-- Sorry， you can’t __C__ you haven’t recovered from the knee injury.（2012重庆）
A. until B. before C. as D. Unless
②as还可以引导方式状语从句，作“以……方式”解。例如：
When in Rome， do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。
I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do. 我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。
Imagine that somebody gives you a large sum of money to spend as you like. 假设有人给了你一大笔钱让你随意花。
（历年真题）
— Who should be responsible for the accident？
— The boss， not the workers. They just carried out the order __A__.（2008福建）
A. as told B. as are told
C. as telling D. as they told
You can’t judge a book by its cover， __C__.（2013新课标I）
A. as the saying goes old
B. goes as the old saying
C. as the old saying goes
D. goes as old the saying
③as还可以引导让步状语从句，作“尽管，虽然”解，这时通常将从句中的状语或表语提到as之前；没有的话，就常把动词提前。例如：
Frightened as she was， Pandora cautiously opened the box in time to see the small object within - Hope - wing its way out into the world.尽管害怕，潘多拉最终还是小心翼翼地打开了盒子，看到里面的小东西“希望”挥动翅膀来到了这个世界上。
（历年真题）
__A__， Carolina couldn’t get the door open.（2005广东卷）
A. Try as she might B. As she might try
C. She might as try D. Might she as try
__B__， he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. （2005重庆卷）
A quiet student as he may be
B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may
D. Quiet as he may be a student
__D__， his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. （2007重庆）
A.Strange as might it sound
B.As it might sound strange
C.As strange it might sound
D.Strange as it might sound
Try__D__ she might， Sue couldn’t get the door open.（2011江苏）
A. if B. when C. since D. as
Hot __B__ the night air was， we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.（2012陕西）
A. although B. as C. while D. however
如果从句的表语是名词，则名词前不加任何冠词。
Child as he is， he has to make a living by himself.
尽管是个孩子，他不得不自己谋生。
④ as还可以作介词，作“作为”解。例如：
look on / treat / regard as把……看做
act as担任；充当
Shakespeare wrote about such things as good and evil， love and hate， greed and sacrifice. 莎士比亚写了关于善恶，爱恨，贪婪与牺牲的事情。
（历年真题）
Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing __C__ a stepping-stone to future success.（2008宁夏）
A. toB. for C. as D. by
⑤as还可作关系代词，引导一个定语从句。引导限制性定语从句时，as常与such，the same，as等搭配；引导一个非限制性定语从句时，as指的是所修饰句子的内容，所引从句可以放在句首，句中或句末。（常用的此类定语从句有：as is said above， as is known to all， as it is， as is often the case， as is reported in the newspaper， as has happened等）例如：
This book is written in such simple English as I can read.这本书用的英语简单，我能读懂。
I’ve never heard so interesting a story as Jane told me.我从未听说过像简告诉我那样有趣的故事。
As the botanical analyses have shown us， all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.植物学分析结果告诉我们，这儿四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。
（历年真题）
__B__ is known to everybody， the moon travels round the earth once a month. （2001全国）
A. It B. As C. That D. What
__D__ is often the case， we have worked out the production plan. （2004江苏）
A. Which B. When C. What D. As The Beatles，__D__ many of you are old enough to remember， came from Liverpool.（2006天津）
A. what B. that C. how D. as
A lot of language learning，__A__ has been discovered， is happening in the first year of life， so parents should talk much to their children during that period.（2012安徽）
A. as B. it C. which D. this
The air quality in the city，__C__ is shown in the report， has improved over the past two months. （2012福建）
A. That B. itC. as D. what
2. while作从属连词，还可以作“虽然”解，引导一个让步状语从句，这时经常于句首。例如：
While there are many different interpretations of our body language， some gestures seem to be universal.尽管我们对身势语有许多不同的理解，但有一些手势似乎应是通用的。
While in traditional architecture materials such as earth， stone， brick and wood are used， the materials of modern architecture are steel， glass and concrete. 传统建筑使用土石和砖木等材料，而现代建筑的材料是钢铁、玻璃和混凝土等。
3. while作从属连词，还可以引导一个条件状语从句，相当于as long as。例如：
While （= As long as ） there is life， there is hope. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
4. while作并列连词，前后分句有对比意味，表示句意的转折，作“而；却（whereas）”解。例如：
Waving one’s hand is to say “Goodbye”. Nodding the head means agreement， while shaking it means disagreement.挥手表示再见，点头表示同意，而摇头表示不同意。
Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated.克隆植物简单，但克隆动物就非常复杂了。
A lie can travel halfway around the world while the truth is putting its shoes.
— Mark Twain
作者简介：冯俊利（1972-），男，河北献县人，中学一级教师，研究方向：高中英语教学。