五花八门的句型转换题

［第一类］ 改成否定句：英语中有关否定的结构各不相同，除动词部分构成的否定外，还有名词、代词的否定，部分否定，否定转移，以及一些表示否定意义的短语或句型等。

一、含有连系动词、情态动词等助动词的句子改为否定句时，在连系动词、情态动词等的后面加not就行了。如：

（画线部分为正确答案，下同。）

1. He was late for school yesterday.（泰州）

He wasn’t late for school yesterday.

2. The students of No.2 Middle School have gone for a picnic already.（新疆）

The students of No.2 Middle School haven’t gone for a picnic yet.

二、祈使句变否定句一般在其前面加don’t。如：

Open the window.（江苏）

Don’t open the window.

三、实义动词的否定式是在实义动词前加don’t， doesn’t， didn’t等。如：

1. She does the housework every day.（哈尔滨）

She doesn’t do the housework every day.

2. He returned the book to the library this morning.（重庆）

He didn’t return the book to the library this morning.

注意：变否定句时须注意某些词语的变化，如some改为any， something改为anything， already改为yet， both改为neither， all改为none等。又如：

Both of them are my best friends.（兰州）

Neither of them is my best friend.

［第二类］ 改为疑问句：可分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。

一、变一般疑问句时，含有连系动词、情态动词的句子，只需将它们移至句首，第一个字母变为大写，句尾改为问号即可。含有实义动词的句子，在实义动词前加do， does， did等。变化过程中也要注意某些词语和人称的变化。如：

1. There’s something to eat in the cupboard.（贵阳）

Is there anything to eat in the cupboard?

2. Kate does morning exercises every day.（济南）

Does Kate do morning exercises every day?

二、变选择疑问句时，如果该句是一般疑问句，则在后面直接加“or＋另一选择成分”就行了；若是陈述句，则要先变成一般疑问句。如：

John is an American. (用a Canadian改为选择疑问句）（新疆）

Is John an American or a Canadian?

三、变反意疑问句时，要注意“前肯后否”和“前否后肯”，还要注意一些特殊形式的反意疑问句。如：

1. She has hardly had anything this morning， has she? （泰安）

2. You will meet your friends at the railway station， won’t you? （重庆）

［第三类］ 单数句与复数句之间的互变：转化时，名词和动词的人称和数、人称代词、物主代词、指示代词的人称和数都要作相应的变化。如：

1. That is my book.（宁波）

Those are our books.

2. She is his student.（江苏）

They are their students.

［第四类］ 变感叹句：将陈述句变成感叹句，要分以下几步：

第一步：在陈述句的谓语动词后将句子划断。如：The boxes are／very heavy.

第二步：斜线后的形容词、副词的修饰语要去掉，如上句去掉very。

第三步：若斜线后部分的中心词是形容词、副词，则在斜线后部分的前面加how。如果中心词是名词，就加what。

第四步：将陈述句句首的大写改为小写，将感叹句句首改为大写。

第五步：将陈述句句末的句号改为感叹号。于是上句应改为：How heavy the boxes are！又如：

They are happy to see each other.（兰州）

How happy they are to see each other!

［第五类］ 同义转换：就是指用不同的词汇、短语、句型表示相同或相近的意思。它主要有以下几种变化：

一、用同义词（词组）、近义词（词组）替换句中的某一部分。如：

1. Lin Tao is good at physics.（盐城）

Lin Tao does well in physics.

2. It took him two hours to play with computers last night. (兰州)

He spent two hours playing with computers last night.

二、用反义词 (词组) 或句型改写。如：

1. I think art is less important than maths.（杭州）

I don’t think art is more important than maths.

2. The runner fell behind the others though he did what he could.（徐州）

The runner failed to keep up with the others though he tried his best.

三、简单句和并列句与复合句等句式间的转换。如：

1. My father isn’t a history teacher. My mother isn’t a history teacher， either.（徐州）

Neither my father nor my mother is a history teacher.

2. Jim can’t decide what he should do not.（兰州）

Jim can’t decide what to do next.

David was too careless to find the mistakes in his text paper.

［第六类］ 对画线部分提问：实际上就是把陈述句变为特殊疑问句。对不同的部分提问要用不同的疑问词。

一、对主语提问：只需选择一个恰当的疑问词代替画线部分，句子的语序不变，指人用who， 指物用what或which。如：

Mr. Green teaches them English.（新疆）

Who teaches them English?

二、对谓语提问：不管后面接宾语与否，疑问词都用what， 并用do的适当形式代替谓语部分。如：

He was playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon.（青海）

What was he doing at four yesterday afternoon?

三、对宾语提问：指人的用who (whom)， 指物的用what或which。如：

27. He lives with his grandmother.（江苏）

Whom does he live with?

28. I have two books in my bag.（泰安）

What do you have in your bag?

四、对表语提问：要根据表语所表示的不同意思，选择不同的疑问代词。指人时一般用who; 指时间时用when或what time; 指职业时，用what; 指颜色时用what colour; 指距离时用how far等。如：

1. Those flowers are red.（重庆）

What colour are those flowers?

2. Urnmqi is 3790 kilometres away from Wuhan.（新疆）

How far is Urumqi away from Wuhan?

五、对定语提问：问谁的用whose， 问哪个用which或what， 问数量用how many (much)。如：

1. The car near the river is mine.（泰安）

Which car is yours?

2. I borrowed nine books from the library.（新疆）

How many books did you borrow from the library?

六、对状语（从句）提问：指时间的疑问词用when (what time)， 指地点用where， 表示原因用why， 表示程度、方式用how， 表示频度用how often，表示时间段用how long等。如：

1. Allan will go back to England by plane next month.（福州）

How will Allan go back to England next month?

2. John went to see his grandmother once a week.（广州）

How often did John go to see his grandmother?

七、对混合成分提问：同时对两个或两个以上的提问时，可以用and把几个疑问词连起来放在句首。如：

I met Jim in the park the day before yesterday. （吉林）

When and where did you meet Jim?

注：“本文中所涉及到的图表、注解、公式等内容请以PDF格式阅读原文。”

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